The main elements of the perception of words
Visual Words: When reading, the visual cortex processes the shapes and forms of letters and words.
Auditory Words: When listening, the auditory cortex processes the sounds of spoken words.
Phonological Processing: The brain translates visual or auditory signals into phonological forms, recognizing the sounds associated with letters and words.
Orthographic Processing: The brain recognizes and processes the visual patterns of written words.
Meaning Extraction: The brain accesses the meaning of words stored in the mental lexicon, a mental database of word meanings, to understand the content.